Theory of Everything
and Quantum Physics

One evening, in a cabaret, a magician performs a trick known as the “Brachetti Polka-Dot Scarf.” He shakes the scarf, and the dots fall to the ground. He shakes it again, and the dots magically reappear on the scarf.

A physicist, astonished, watches the act unfold. Unable to comprehend the illusion, he decides to explain it “his own way.” He invents an entirely fictional theory, which he names the “Theory of Superposition of States.” According to this theory, any object can exist in two states at once. Thus, a scarf can be both plain and polka-dotted at the same time.

The principle of superposition of states considers that a system can exist simultaneously in multiple states. According to this theory, a cat can be both dead and alive at the same time.

One of his friends, Albert E..., tried to convince him that he was on the wrong track. Indeed, this magic trick - like everything else in the world - must have a logical and rational explanation. But the physicist ignored Albert E...'s wise advice. This took place in the 1920s.

Today, more than a century later, physicists are still unable to explain certain fundamental phenomena, such as wave-particle duality or the famous Young’s double-slit experiment, using logic and common sense. Instead of simply admitting “We don’t understand”, they’ve created cosmic laws like the “Theory of Superposition of States,” where cats can be both dead and alive at the same time...

In the 1920s, our understanding of the atom was still rudimentary. The proton had only just been discovered in 1919, and the neutron would not be identified until 1932. At the time, some scientists even imagined the electrons in atoms as scattered raisins in a plum pudding.

Quantum mechanics was developed based on this limited and imperfect knowledge of atomic structure. This means that, inevitably, whether we like it or not, the initial assumptions were flawed. As a result, quantum mechanics is riddled with unresolved enigmas - more than fifty of them.

Quantum mechanics is comparable to a vast jigsaw puzzle assembled in 1925 on a flawed foundation. Due to their limited knowing of the atom at the time, physicists continued to build upon it without realizing that the puzzle had been started on the wrong foot.

Enigmas of Quantum Mechanics

One mistake led to another, quantum mechanics quickly evolved into a science that many consider irrational, confusing, incoherent, and riddled with errors. As Richard Feynman, Nobel Prize in 1965, said: “Nobody understands quantum mechanics.”

There is only one way to resolve the many riddles of quantum mechanics: start over from scratch, back in the 1920s, and re-examine each puzzle with logic, consistency, and common sense. Of course, not everything is wrong. What is correct must be preserved.

Content of This Website "Spacetime-Model"

For over 20 years, the author has dedicated his time to solving the many enigmas of quantum physics with rigorous scientific methodology. His discoveries are compiled on this website and in his book, "New Quantum Physics V 2.00", available on Amazon.com. The mathematical developments, including the EFEs, can be freely downloaded from the book.

To make this groundbreaking theory easier to explore, the Spacetime Model has been carefully divided into five interconnected parts. Each section tackles a fundamental mystery of physics with logic, clarity, and scientific rigor:

Overview of the "Spacetime Model"

Before entering this website, here are three fundamental riddles that the Spacetime Model aims to solve:

• A clear and intuitive explanation of wave-particle duality,
• The true location of antimatter in the universe,
• A new and simple explanation of gravitational force.

Matter exhibits the unique property of behaving both as a wave and as a particle. This phenomenon is known as wave-particle duality. How can an electron simultaneously possess the characteristics of a wave and a particle? Since the early 20th century, this mystery has remained unsolved.

The Spacetime Model offers a simple explanation for this enigma.

This means that duality arises only in the specific situation where the particle, the wave, and the medium share the same constitution.

We already detect traces of antimatter on Earth through β⁺ radioactivity. Therefore, if we aim to locate antimatter, it makes logical sense to begin our investigation here, on Earth. That is precisely what we did.

Our findings reveal that antimatter resides within quarks, as shown in the last two columns of the table below, whose interpretation is provided further on this website. Let us simply note that in any atom with atomic mass A, there are 2A electrons and 2A positrons. For example, iron contains 26 protons and 30 neutrons, totaling 56 nucleons. Thus, iron's composition includes 2A (2×56 = 112) electrons and 2A (also 112) positrons—representing 112 matter particles and an equal quantity of antimatter.

In other words, antimatter is not hidden away in hypothetical parallel universes, as some astrophysicists suggest. It is quite simply embedded within the quarks themselves. This result has been fully validated across all 2,930 known nuclei (CODATA 2006).

In the 17th century, two opposing theories emerged: those of Newton and Le Sage. Newton formulated the well-known law of gravitation, while Le Sage proposed a logical explanation for its mechanism. He suggested that gravitation results from an external pressure exerted by so-called 'ultramundane particles'. Physicists ultimately chose to follow Newton’s approach over Le Sage’s.

In reality, Le Sage’s ultramundane particles can be interpreted as a precursor to Einstein’s concept of spacetime.

The Spacetime Model resolves this enigma by synthesizing three key theories presented on this website:

• Le Sage: Gravitation is a pressure force exerted from the outside. It is not an attractive force, as traditionally taught in schools.
• Einstein: This pressure results from the curvature of spacetime, which replaces Le Sage’s concept of ultramundane particles.
• The Spacetime Model: Contrary to common belief, the curvature of spacetime is not generated by mass itself, but by a specific category of volumes known as “closed volumes” or “massive volumes”, that is, volumes possessing mass (distinct from classical geometric volumes). This concept is further explained further on this website.

Thus, by replacing Le Sage’s 'ultramundane particles' with Einstein’s 'curvature of spacetime', and 'mass' by 'closed volume' (or 'massive volume'), the phenomenon of gravitation becomes much easier to understand.

Basic Principle of Gravitation

The figure below illustrates how the ‘closed volumes’ — alias 'mass volumes' — of the two spheres curve spacetime. This curvature generates pressure on the surface of each sphere. As a result, the spheres are pushed toward one another by the deformation of spacetime.

From an external perspective, it appears that the two masses are attracted to each other. Whether the force is interpreted as attraction or pressure, the observable result remains the same. Therefore, Le Sage’s version is more rational than Newton’s, which offers no underlying explanation for the mechanism of gravitation. Newton’s gravitational theory should be reconsidered and set aside in favor of Le Sage’s more logically grounded interpretation.

For example, applying pressure to a bowl produces the same observable effect as an attractive force exerted by the Earth. The spacetime curvature alone does not explain mass and gravitation either. Therefore, the current theory of gravitation, although taught in universities, is flawed. This website explores this subject in depth.

If you're curious, rational, and passionate about physics, take the time to explore this theory: The Spacetime Model. It offers insights and understanding that go far beyond what is typically taught in seven years of university-level studies in Quantum Physics and the Theory of Everything.

Before You Begin

The first pages introduce several new concepts. While you're free to navigate the site using the links below, it is strongly recommended to read Parts 1 through 5 in order, rather than randomly. Skipping this sequence may result in misunderstandings or misinterpretations of the theory.

• Part 1: Mass and Gravitation
• Part 2: Duality and Matter
• Part 3: Quarks and Antimatter
• Part 4: Waves and Photons
• Part 5: Forces and Universe